One widely used example of an intelligence test is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). This test is designed to measure how people think, solve problems, and process information. During the assessment, a trained examiner guides the individual through a series of tasks—some involve answering questions about vocabulary and similarities between concepts, while others require completing visual patterns or arranging blocks to match a design shown. There are also activities that test memory, such as repeating numbers, and tasks that measure how quickly someone can work under time pressure.

All these tasks are grouped into four main areas: Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed. After the test, the scores from each area are combined to produce a Full-Scale IQ score, which represents a person’s general cognitive ability. However, what makes the WAIS-IV especially useful is its detailed breakdown of strengths and weaknesses, rather than just a single number.

The test has several strengths. Because it looks at different cognitive skills, it provides a comprehensive picture of how a person thinks and learns. It is also highly standardized, meaning it has been tested on many people to ensure accuracy and fairness. In educational and clinical settings, it helps in diagnosing learning difficulties, cognitive delays, or giftedness.

Still, like any assessment, it has limitations. Some tasks may be easier for individuals who are more familiar with certain cultural or language contexts, which can affect fairness. The test also focuses mainly on specific types of intelligence, such as logical and verbal reasoning, but does not measure creativity, emotional skills, or practical problem-solving in real-life situations. Additionally, performance can be influenced by factors like anxiety, tiredness, or lack of confidence during the testing session.

Despite its weaknesses, the WAIS-IV remains one of the most trusted tools for understanding human cognitive abilities because of its depth, structure, and strong research foundation.

References

Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) Technical and Interpretive Manual. Pearson.

Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2017). Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues. Cengage Learning.

Urbina, S. (2014). Essentials of Psychological Testing (2nd ed.). Wiley.