Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are free or low-cost online courses offered by universities or organizations to anyone with internet access. They work by providing video lectures, readings, quizzes, discussion forums, and sometimes certificates, all delivered through platforms like Coursera, edX, or Udemy. Because they are “massive,” thousands of learners can participate at the same time. MOOCs have positive effects by making education more accessible, flexible, and affordable, allowing people to learn new skills anytime and anywhere. They also support self-paced learning and professional development. However, MOOCs also have challenges: many learners struggle with motivation and drop out, there is limited personalized support, and not all courses lead to recognized credentials. Despite these issues, MOOCs have expanded global access to education and created new opportunities for lifelong learning.