Active learning in the context of education refers to a teaching and learning approach where learners are actively involved in the learning process. It is a student-centered pedagogy that emphasizes the active involvement of students in their own learning experience, in contrast to a passive learning approach where learners are passive recipients of information.

In an active learning environment, students engage in exercises, discussions, problem-solving, and other activities that promote critical thinking, collaboration, and reflection. The instructor's role becomes that of a facilitator or guide rather than a lecturer, nurturing student interaction and engagement.

Some common active learning techniques include:

1. Discussion groups: Small group discussions where students share their ideas and opinions on specific topics related to the course.
2. Peer instruction: Students teach and learn from each other, in pairs or small groups, by discussing and solving problems.
3. Case studies: Case studies present real-life scenarios to the students, enabling them to apply theoretical concepts from class to practical situations.
4. Simulations and games: Activities that simulate real-world situations and motivate students to participate and learn through immersive experiences.
5. Inquiry-based learning: Students formulate questions, conduct research, and explore new topics in a way that promotes curiosity and autonomy in the learning process.
6. Flipped classroom: Students are encouraged to learn content before class, and in-class time is spent exploring and applying concepts, enabling students to engage in more meaningful activities.

Active learning encourages learners to be proactive, self-directed, and reflective, promoting deeper learning and retention of knowledge and skills.