Abstract

Our understanding of the relationship between knowledge and power has changed fundamentally. If we consider the overwhelming growth of knowledge ― particularly scientific knowledge ― over the past hundred years in addition to the dramatic changes in the social structure that is emerging today as the industrial society is giving way to a knowledge society, we might be inclined to think that the power of knowledge has grown as well. This paper focuses on the relationship between science and democracy. First, we discuss what has become a broadly accepted belief both among the international science and technology community and policymakers that the values of science ― honesty, objectivity, and respect for the inherent merit of a wide range of ideas and opinions ― are essential to a democratic culture and thereby can help support the democratization of society. Second, we contend that core concepts of democratic theory, such as citizenship, deliberation, and accountability, cannot be understood satisfactorily without taking on board the politics of science and technology and without the participation of publics in policymaking. We argue that since democracy depends upon people’s ability to make informed decisions, it is only through public science education and engagement that we can build a wise, just, and democratic society.