Abstract

This article examines the multifaceted resistance to COVID-19 measures in Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Amid the global health crisis, Bukavu experienced significant resistance to public health directives, largely influenced by deep-seated conspiracy theories, socio-economic hardships, and mistrust in both health-care structures and government communication. This research employs a qualitative approach, drawing on interviews with a diverse cross-section of Bukavu’s population, including health professionals, political figures, and marginalized groups. Findings reveal that conspiracy theories, particularly those disseminated through social media, have played a crucial role in shaping public perceptions of and behavior toward the pandemic. Beliefs about COVID-19 being a tool for global population control, the vaccine as a means for pharmaceutical profiteering, and suspicions of organ trafficking in health-care facilities fueled public skepticism and resistance. Additionally, inconsistencies in official communication and the perceived ineffectiveness of COVID-19 measures contributed to public distrust. The socio-economic conditions in Bukavu further exacerbated resistance. Measures such as lockdowns and border closures severely impacted livelihoods, especially among those dependent on daily income and cross-border trade. The lack of government support during these times intensified public discontent and non-compliance with health directives. This article highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of local contexts and the integration of sociological approaches in health crisis management. Addressing the underlying socio-economic issues and ensuring consistent, transparent communication are critical in fostering public trust and compliance with health measures.