Abstract

Leadership plays crucial roles in any organization, and leadership style such as transformational and servant leadership is specifically associated with the promotion of positive school environments. This study seeks to explore the impact of these styles on school culture and management. To achieve the objective of this study, data were collected with a well-structured survey administered to school managements, teachers, and administrators, and were analyzed with both qualitative and quantitative methods, such as correlation, test of association, and thematic analysis, to determine relationships between leadership styles, school culture, and resource management. The results showed that transformational and servant leadership styles promote positive school cultures and develop resource management. The factors that have the strongest positive correlation with school culture were “encouraging innovation” (r = 0.799), “motivating staff” (r = 0.637), and “encouraging critical thinking” (r = 0.618). Schools with collaborative and inclusive cultures made more effective use of resources, highlighting the importance of leadership in fostering such environments. The study also found active distributed leadership in schools with strong collaborative cultures, suggesting that shared leadership roles contribute to improved school outcomes. The study recommends leadership development programs focused on transformational and servant leadership traits such that educational policies align leadership practices with resource management strategies. The study is associated with the Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4): “Quality Education for All,” and future studies should explore the long-term effects of these leadership practices.