Abstract

This investigation has two objectives: (1) to contextualize the historical development and progression of Buyi Opera in Ceheng, Guizhou Province, China, within the socio-political milieu and (2) to critically evaluate the contemporary status, ideological implications, and cultural politics underlying the conservation efforts of Buyi Opera within local, regional, and national frameworks. Utilizing a qualitative approach that combines document review, in-depth interviews, direct observation, and focus groups, this research encompasses expert input from Guizhou Opera Artists Association, academic scholars, Buyi Opera performers, and local inhabitants of Ceheng. Although the exact origins of Buyi Opera remain uncertain, its cultural peak is traced to the Qianlong Emperor’s reign (1736–1795) during the Qing Dynasty. In the present, it remains a living cultural practice among the older residents of Ceheng, despite limited engagement from the younger generation. The study reveals how Buyi Opera, with its distinct performance dynamics and evolving modern adaptations, navigates the space between traditional values and contemporary realities. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the state and community-led revival strategies under the umbrella of Chinese cultural heritage and their implications for cultural identity, production, and power dynamics.