Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making.It refers to the capability of a group to collaborate in order to achieve goals that an individual, even the most gifted, would not be able to accomplish alone.

During a collaborative learning session, students not only work on academic assignments but also get to develop their social skills and learn together which improves their relationships with others in the class.

Benefits of collaborative teaching and learning for students are

1. Enhances Problem-solving Skills

Collaborative learning involves clear stipulation of an educational task with instructions that require students to discuss the work so as to come up with solutions to the problem. During the discussion, they are encouraged to listen attentively to the comments group members make. They also contribute to the sharing and can re-evaluate their views and come to conclusions. Though at times, group discussion may fall under the control of the loudest individual, students have to be systematic by giving each a chance to speak out; they also stipulate a time limit to minimize dominance. The fact that students must provide answers to the task at hand calls for active participation in researching the project at hand and examining every possible answer so as to arrive to make the right solution to make the desired conclusion, thus improving an individual's problem-solving skills.

2. Inspires Critical Thinking

An active collaborative learning requires an instructor to view teaching as a method of developing and increasing students' capacity to learn as their role is to transmit information while facilitating the learning process. It includes creating and handling meaningful learning experiences that stimulate students to think through actual and existent problems. Through collaborative learning, we expect students to clarify ideas, views, and opinions through their discussion forums before making a conclusion. It, therefore, nurtures the improvement of critical thinking skills via interpretation of ideas, and assessment of other student's thoughts and views.

3. Improves Social Interactions and Supports Diversity

One of the collaborative learning advantages involves the use of different strategies such as Jigsaw technique which involves separating a task into subtasks. The jigsaw technique is a system of designing classroom activities in a way that students rely on each other to accomplish the tasks. It involves students forming groups, and each group handles part of the job so that at the end they all create a complete activity just like a jigsaw puzzle. Use of Jigsaw strategy provides students with the chance to enthusiastically help each other shape understanding as the instructor assigns them to groups that require varying skill.
To efficiently handle the task, students from different groups have to meet to exchange ideas and opinions amongst themselves. This kind of teamwork allows students to be experts in their allocated subject areas. At the end students then go back to their class and teach others.

4. Aid the Development of Self-management Skills

Collaborative learning requires you to be a good decision maker. It is evident in group-works where you have to be able to and willing to take a difficult task or assignment and break it down so that you can find the solution. To be a good self-manager you will have to be a good problem solver, able to think through challenging tasks, study problems, examine and scrutinize solutions. Self-management skills are those individual attributes that help you feel and be more dynamic and productive in the office. With self-management competencies, you can interconnect and interact professionally and competently with your colleagues, managers, and even clienteles. They also help you make good decisions and improve time management.

5. Development of Oral Communication Skills

Collaborative learning is dependent on the effectiveness of the group for the students to attend and accomplish their assignments. The entire group discussion relies on strong communication skills (sending information, receiving feedback, and sharing it with the whole class). You also have to comment (orally and in writing) when looking for ideas. You can achieve success within a group; students need to be able to communicate both on intellectual and emotional levels by explaining their thoughts, expressing their feelings openly but positively, listening prudently to others, asking questions and clarifications on other students opinion and telling how others feel through their nonverbal communication. With collaborative learning, one can reflect on the actions and exchanges of the group and encourage others to do well as members share their thoughts, ideas, and feelings.

6. Fosters the Development of Interpersonal Relationships

For collaborative learning to work, students must work together in their groups. When students spend their time together working, they learn how to relate with one another. They also make friendship by getting to know each other, thus boosting group morale and performance. It means that they can laugh or cry together. When people are friends, they form symbiotic and trusting relationships which give the team members a sense of belonging. Usually, before or after a group discussion, members engage in casual conversation which fosters the development of interpersonal relationships

Conclusion

During a collaborative learning session, students not only work on academic assignments but also get to develop their social skills and learn together which improves their relationships with others in the class. Being able to become accustom collaborative learning into your teaching plan successfully. will allow your students engage and involve themselves more actively in the learning process rather than be passive students. It gives them a chance to learn their strengths and weaknesses as they work in groups . as they interact more with their peers, they acquire new ways of handling problems. Collaborative learning not only enhances the l learning process but also makes students happy.

Collaborative strategies

Presenting students with a problem.
Providing some structure or guidance toward solving the problem. Note however, that they are all student-centered activities in which the instructor may have a very minimal role.
Reaching a final outcome or solution

Example of implementing collaborative learning in class

As a PE teacher one of my tasks was a project called “ I don’t smoke-I exercise”. The goal of that specific project that had a length of 10 weeks(one hour per week)was that the pupils of the 6thgrade would be informed about the dangers of deciding to try smoking and the benefits of the exercise instead. From the first meeting they would create work groups and submit their opinions on the ideas presented at that day’s lesson. On the last lesson each group was assigned with a specific task (e.g. presenting ways to stop the use of smoking in schools or creating a play concerning this topic or finding ways to involve the school in daily physical activity e.t.c.) that they would have to work on together for two weeks, both in the classroom and out of it, and then present their work to the whole school. My role as a teacher was to give them guidelines, monitor their work through scheduled meetings, help them find ways to involve all the kids of the group, as there will be free loaders whoselack of effort often angers other group members and can poison the group process and assist them with practical things involving school protocols.

The results each year were amazing! The children’s minds, still bearing the innocence of youth, come up with innovative ideas and solutions. The team effort really pays off. Even more withdrawn kids or kids with low self esteem find their role in the group (sometimes with the teacher’s help) and the results seen at the final presentation indicate that once the children are given guidelines and the freedom to share their ideas and create something without any interference by the grown ups they can come up with extraordinary results!

Reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_intelligence

examples-collaborative-learning-or-group-work-activities)

https://www.teachingchannel.org/video/collaborative-learning-strategy

http://www.bates.edu/faculty-commons/files/2016/08/Collaborative-Learning-Techniques.pdf

https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-knowledge-human-development/peer/975D2/essential-peer-reviewed-update-2/submit