The Philippine teaching-learning process is shaped by several key elements and frameworks:

Legal Foundations

The 1987 Philippine Constitution and various laws such as the Education Act of 1982 lay the groundwork for the educational system. These laws ensure the right to quality education for all citizens and establish the structure for both formal and non-formal education1.

Educational Structure

The system is divided into three main sectors:

Basic Education: Managed by the Department of Education (DepED), covering elementary and secondary education.
Technical-Vocational Education: Overseen by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).
Higher Education: Governed by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)2.

Teacher Standards

The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers outline the competencies and professional behaviors expected of teachers. These standards emphasize learner-centeredness, lifelong learning, and inclusivity3.

Curriculum and Learning Strands

The curriculum includes various learning strands such as communication skills, scientific literacy, critical thinking, and digital literacy. These strands aim to develop holistic learners equipped with 21st-century skills4.

Values and Goals

Education in the Philippines aims to inculcate patriotism, nationalism, and respect for human rights. It also focuses on developing moral character, personal discipline, and critical and creative thinking1.

These elements collectively shape the teaching-learning process in the Philippines, ensuring it is comprehensive, inclusive, and geared towards the holistic development of learners.