Nourishing the Gut-Brain Axis: The Role of Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Omega-3–Rich Foods in Health

Abstract

The gut-brain axis represents a complex bidirectional communication system linking the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system, influencing not only mental well-being but also overall physical health. Recent research underscores the vital role of diet in maintaining this connection through its impact on the gut microbiome. This review explores how nutrient-dense, whole foods—particularly those rich in probiotics, prebiotics, and omega-3 fatty acids—support both gut and systemic health. Probiotic-rich fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, kimchi, and sauerkraut introduce beneficial microorganisms that enhance microbial diversity, aid digestion, and strengthen immune defenses. Prebiotic-rich foods like onions, garlic, bananas, and asparagus provide fibers that nourish beneficial bacteria, promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that help regulate inflammation, metabolism, and energy balance. Omega-3–rich foods, including salmon, chia seeds, and walnuts, contribute to cardiovascular and cognitive health by reducing oxidative stress and supporting cellular function. A diet emphasizing whole, unprocessed foods—abundant in fiber, colorful fruits, and vegetables—creates a balanced microbiome that benefits digestion, immune response, and long-term disease prevention. Together, these dietary components form a foundation for optimal gut function that, in turn, supports brain performance, emotional stability, and overall vitality. Understanding the integral link between nutrition, the microbiome, and systemic health highlights the potential for dietary strategies to serve as preventive and therapeutic tools in promoting lifelong wellness.

Presenters

Paul Hibbert
Assistant Professor, Family Medicine, Southern Illinois University, United States

Details

Presentation Type

Paper Presentation in a Themed Session

Theme

Food, Nutrition, and Health

KEYWORDS

GUT-BRAIN AXIS, MICROBIOME, PROBIOTICS, PREBIOTICS, OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS, FERMENTED FOODS