Abstract

In line with the advancements of the twenty-first century, the educational sector has incorporated technology into teaching and learning, particularly through online and blended learning approaches. To optimize the potential of technology, a scaffolded learning and teaching approach that fosters desired learning outcomes is essential. This study aimed to explore undergraduate students’ feedback in pre-classes, live classes, and face-to-face classes. Conducted between January to March 2022, the study involved 1,692 students enrolled in the Mata Pelajaran Umum (MPU) courses at a private university, representing multiple schools. Data was collected using surveys and subsequently analyzed using specific statistical techniques. The findings reveal that pre-classes and live classes provide notable benefits, enabling students to better comprehend course content and access materials at their own pace. Moreover, live lectures facilitate productive discussions among students, lecturers, and peers, leading to increased classroom engagement. The study also indicates that students exhibit a preference for online classes, with a moderate level of satisfaction reported for face-to-face classes.